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Monthly Tech-Tip from Tony Hansen SignUpFeb 14-15, 2026 - Major Server Upgrade Done

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Color variation in wall tile:

Why are these edges darker?

Look carefully along the edges of these wall tiles. A band of darker blue appears around the perimeter. At first, it might seem that the cause is pooling at the edges during glaze application. But tile factories know all about even application (by bell, waterfall, disc, or spray). Instead, this is probably happening during firing - this is a fluid melt and likely flows slightly, with surface tension causing it to accumulate a little thicker at the edges. While this is a cobalt blue glaze is somewhat transparent, the thicker layer absorbs more light and appears darker. While potters often value color variation like this, ceramic tile manufacturers work hard to control “edge darkening” by adjusting glaze viscosity, application thickness, and firing conditions to achieve a more uniform surface. If they fail, here is what can happen: When thousands of tiles are laid side-by-side, those darker edges line up and visually create a grid pattern across the entire installation. And they can also make the grout lines appear stronger and the surface less uniform.

Could some glaze chemistry help? Maybe. Al2O3 is a classic melt stiffener; in many glazes, higher levels of it can be tolerated without losing any gloss. However, tile glazes must heal during very fast-firing and high Al2O3 can introduce defects (they prioritize perfect surfaces over small color variations). It can also make color less intense and reduce thermal expansion (a possible issue with fit and engobe compatibility). In tile plants, engineers usually prefer process adjustments over chemistry changes because they disturb the system less.

Color variation in wall tile: Why are these edges darker?

Related Pictures

In pigmented glossy glazes

The pigment is the opacifier


This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

This is a cone 6 oxidation transparent glaze having enough flux (from a boron frit) to make it melt very well, that is why it is running and pooling. Iron oxide has been added (around 5%) producing this transparent amber effect. Darker coloration occurs where the glaze has run thicker (because it absorbs more light). This simple mechanism enables the glaze to automatically highlight contours, emboss and textures on the underlying surface. This mechanism works with any color in almost any transparent base glaze, as long as bubble clouding and crystallization do not occur. Entire lines of commercial glazes are based on this mechanism.

K2O and Na2O produce the brilliant gloss like this, but they also cause crazing. They come from feldspars, nepheline syenite and are high in certain frits.

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Glossary Ceramic Tile
Tile manufacture is the largest sector of ceramic industry. Engineers overcome the very difficult technical challenges of drying and firing defect-free, flat and durable tile. Potters can do it too.

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