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Ceramic Stain Toxicity Label

Google searches on ceramic stain toxicity generally confirm the relative safety of these products, compared to raw metal oxides, as powders in use in production. Of course, saturating glazes with stains, especially reactive fluid melt glazes, can invite leaching issues the same as with oxide colors.

Ceramic Stain Toxicity Label

Related Pictures

Stains are better in black glazes

5% stain vs 15% metal oxides


Make your own black glaze

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Consider the hazards and hassles before choosing a black matte or gloss recipe that has high individual or combined percentages of manganese dioxide, cobalt or nickel.

Gloss blacks: These are super popular right now as the base for layering of reactive glazes. DIY dipping versions thus make a lot of sense. They make even more sense when they don’t turn to jelly in the bucket because of the high percentage of red iron oxide in all blacks made using metal oxide colorants. And when the total percentage of pigment is as high, or higher than 15%. And when the pigments cause crystallization (especially when overloaded).

Matte blacks: The human eye can detect even slight differences in the degree of matteness (which is very difficult to keep consistent). Raw metal oxides affect the matteness, especially when overloaded with pigment. They are prone to cutlery marking if too matte. By using stains manufacturers, and even potters, have learned to tune recipes (lower left) and firing schedules to achieve consistency and functionality (even tourist souvenirs (lower right) feature them now). With stains, only one material is producing the color, its percentage (which can be as low as 4%) can be tuned.

Heres evidence that using a black stain is safer than manganese dioxide


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A search for "ceramic stain toxicity" shows 19 digitalfire hits out of 32. Pretty well all of these pages refer to the increased toxicity of metal oxides over stains. No alarm. However, a search for "manganese dioxide toxicity" (lower right) is alarming (with disturbing words like neurotoxicity, movement disorders, Parkinson’s, distonia, liver disease, iron depletion, etc.). So then, why are so many potters still using recipes for black that contain high percentages of manganese dioxide? Although many black glazes use a combination or iron oxide and cobalt (e.g. 10%/2%), that does not work as well so manganese is still commonly employed (along with other metal oxides). There is a better way: Black stain in a proven base recipe (like GA6-B, G2934, G2926B), as little as 4% is possible. The decreased bioavailability of stains and and the much lower percentage needed make them a no-brainer for coloring glazes more safely.

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