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A Clear Glaze is Bubbled Over DIY Underglazes:

The Real Solution Is in the Underglaze Recipe

Potters often encounter the problem shown here. These pieces are fired at cone 6. They are decorated with underglazes made from a mix of porcelain powders and stains. The transparent glaze works over certain colors (e.g. the light blue), but over others, it is full of microbubbles and pinholes. The potter has not had success finding a transparent overglaze that works consistently. As can be seen here, stain types used in underglazes behave differently; they are not just inert powders. Also, stain manufacturers do not mix stains with porcelain to making underglazes.

So, although closer control of the transparent glaze thickness or a more fluid melt glaze recipe might help, the real solution lies with the underglaze recipes used here. An ideal bisque-stage underglaze is sinter-bonded but not sealed, accepting glaze water. An ideal fired underglaze also has controlled maturity: enough glass development to bond well to the body and promote glaze acceptance, but not so much that edge-bleeding and opacity loss occur. This state of 'controlled maturity' is also more likely to match body thermal expansion. The cost savings and the potential to fine-tune each color to your exact needs can be powerful motivations to use DIY underglazes.

Related Pictures

A 2oz jar of underglaze:

It dries down to 21g of powder!

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

Only a part of that 21 grams is actual stain powder; it is mixed with a powder medium (a 16oz jar of another color yielded 190g, slightly more economical). Before considering cost, note that the high water content of these is actually a benefit; the thixotropic gel has excellent brushing properties, enabling very thin layering. However, more than one layer is needed to achieve opacity and even color.

But the elephant in the room is price. In one scenario, using encapsulated red stain and assuming 50% in the underglaze recipe, I calculated a 1500% saving making my own (assuming the same specific gravity)! But it gets better. I make mine with a higher specific gravity for better coverage (which raises the cost) but a lower stain percentage (which lowers it back down). And I fine-tune the degree-of-melt and glass-bonding by adjusting the feldspar. And I optimize bisque hardness, and thus overpaintability, by adjusting the clay percentage. With my setup, I can weigh and make a 1-pint jar of brushing glaze/underglaze in ten minutes. When I notice ways it could be improved, I edit the notes in its recipe record in insight-live (and adjust the procedure or recipe next time I mix a jar).

Here is another reason never to use only a stain-water mix for pottery decoration

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

A stain-water mix was painted into recesses and an overglaze was applied. This stain is refractory, thus it does not glass-bond with the body. And it repels being wetted by the molten glaze. Thus this problem. The stain needs to be mixed with a stain medium that both supplies a bonding glass and a clay to suspend the slurry and dry harden it. One solution is an addition of Gerstley Borate (enough to melt it to the needed degree) and extra bentonite if needed (to slow the drying time for painting). At a minimum, if the color does repel the glaze a little at least it will be melted.

Videos

Links

Glossary	Stain Medium It is a mistake to use pure stains for decorating ware. Stains need to be mixed with a ceramic carrier and a working medium to work and fire well.
Glossary	Underglaze Understand pottery underglazes: Why they brush differently, how they fire, why clears fail over them, and how to make your own recipes. In technical rather than art language.

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