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| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2008 | 2009 | 2007 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 1993 | 1995 | 1998 | 2000 | 1990 | 1991 | 1987 | 1988 | 1986 | 1983 | 1984 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1974 | 1975 | 1973 | 1972 | 1970 | 1968 | 1969 | 1967 | 1966 | 1965 | 1964 | 1962 | 1961 | 1959 | 1960 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1954 | 1952 | 1953 | 1950 | 1951 | 1948 | 1947 | 1946 | 1944 | 1945 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1939 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1932 | 1933 | 1931 | 1930 | 1928 | 1927 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1916 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920 | 1921 | 1915 | 1914 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1902 | 1904 | 1905 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | 1891 | 1893 | 1894 | 1890 | 1888 | 1889 | 1887 | 1885 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1868 | 1867 | 1866 | 1865 | 1864 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1854 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Make AMACO velvet underglazes work better at cone 04

Amaco Velvet underglazes fire to a pleasant velvet surface at cone 6 achieving good opacity and coverage. However, at cone 04 the surface is dry. Could the velvet appearance be achieved there? These cone 05 bisque fired Buffstone tiles have a single coat of V-308 Radiant Red topped by a single layer of G1916QL1 clear brushing. Spectrum 700 transparent low-fire glaze has been liquid volume blended at a 9:1, 8:1 and 7:1 (V-308:S700). Notice that as more glaze is added the color actually darkens! By 7:1 the surface is velvety. 8:1 seems optimal (because 7:1 is losing opacity). But caution is needed because the higher the glaze percentage the greater the fired shrinkage misfit between underglaze and body (misfit is not tolerated as well at low temperatures because the bond with body is not as intimate). So a conservative mix 9:1 would be a better starting point. A side-effect is that adding the glaze may change the underglaze’s rheology (so a deflocculant or gelling agent might be needed to establish thixotropy).

Red velvet underglazes at cone 05

Related Pictures

How can underglaze and engobe colors be this bright?


Very bright blue and red underglazes

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

Top are V-326 and V-388 underglazes, painted on and bisque fired at cone 04. Although the layer is thin the coverage is very good and the brightness is stunning. How can these colors be so bright? Using very high, and expensive, percentages of stain. That explains why these commercial underglazes are double or triple the cost of a typical commercial glaze. The bottom mugs are clear-glazed and fired at cone 05, the one on the left with Amaco LG-10, The one on the right is Spectrum 700. The latter produces better results over the underglaze and is more transparent and less yellowish on the body.

Can you make bright-colored engobes and underglazes like this? Yes. Start with 50% stain and 50% stain medium (the percentage needed varies by color and type of stain).

A reason for DIY underglazes:

Glass-bonding with the body instead of just seeking color


Orange underglaze is flaking off

This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

This flaking is happening at the interface between the body and orange commercial underglaze (the firing is cone 05). The reason is simple.

Pure stains contribute only one ceramic property: Color! Commercial underglazes sold in jars dilute stains into a recipe of materials, a powder medium, designed to impart the missing properties. However, suppliers like to quote products as suitable over a wide range (e.g. cone 06-6). Of course, at cone 06, they have almost no glass development for bonding to the body and at cone 6 they may well be melted. In this case, the stain used is refractory and a high percentage is needed. So the bond with the body is very poor. A thick layer coupled with an incompatible thermal expansion can make the underglaze/glaze layer pop right off.

Is a DIY version possible? Imagine if you created a powder medium (e.g. L3685Z3) containing enough frit to counter the refractory character of the stain and develop the needed glass to bond with the body. That would solve this problem.

Making test bars of an underglaze:

This cone 04 and 6 bar are within its range! How?


This picture has its own page with more detail, click here to see it.

This was an effort to do SHAB test bars, at various temperatures to form a fired maturity profile of a blue commercial underglaze. It did not go as planned. It was very difficult to make these bars because the product has such a high content of gum. This dramatically impedes drying and it is impossible to form and dry them (they split and crack into many pieces). So I crushed and ball milled the dried scraps, roasted the powder to 1000F to destroy the plasticity, then added enough bentonite to be able to make them plastic enough to form the test bars.

Notice that at cone 06, the absorption is 15.4% with 3.7% fired shrinkage. By cone 04, the bottom bar, that is down to 1.2% porosity and up to 11.% shrinkage (basically a colored porcelain). The top bar is fired to cone 6, and melts (like others at previous cones).

Both of these are within its claimed firing range. So what does "within that range" mean? They mean "true-to-color", it is the same color throughout the range. But that bottom bar, cone 04, is at the edge of what an underglaze should be ceramically (if applied in multiple layers that build up a thickness).

Links

URLs https://www.amaco.com/t/glazes-and-underglazes/underglaze/velvet-underglaze/velvet-underglazes
AMACO Velvet Underglazes, a traditional non-melting product meant for use under a transparent overglaze.
Velvet underglazes fire true-to-color from cone 05/06 to Cone 6 (some till cone 10). Their name comes from the surface quality when fired to cone 6. The formulations have a high percentage of stain and are thus saturated, this enables good coverage even if applied thinnly. This product line has a good reputation for consistency, documentation and flexibility.
Glossary Underglaze
Understand pottery underglazes: Why they brush differently, how they fire, why clears fail over them, and how to make your own recipes. In technical rather than art language.

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