Monthly Tech-Tip from Tony Hansen SignUp

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Glaze is shivering at the engobe-body interface

Example of a glaze (G1916J) shivering on the rim of a mug. But the situation is not as it might appear. This glaze fits some bodies, crazes on others and shivers on yet others! This is a testament to how tricky it can be to fit glaze at low temperatures. But this is not a white glaze, it is a transparent over a white slip (or engobe). Alone on this red body this glaze appears to fit OK, but here it is exploiting the weaker body-engobe interface - this is where the release is taking place. This failure turned out to be a blessing, alerting us to the need to increase the expansion of the glaze a little to fit this body better (and enable its use with this engobe). This being said, the engobe likewise may be under too much compression, it may not contain enough silica.

Glaze over engobe shivering on mug lip

Related Pictures

Potters can learn from how glazes are fit on ceramic tile


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These are thermal expansion curves for body, engobe and glaze (from a dilatometer, a device that measures it against increasing temperature). The upper line is the body. The center line is the engobe. The lower line is the glaze. The ceramic tile industry is very conscious, not only of glaze-fit but also engobe-fit. Engobes (slips) are employed to cover brown or red burning bodies so they glaze like a porcelain. Typically technicians tune the formulation of the engobe to have an expansion between the body and glaze. The body is highest so that during cooling, as it contracts, it puts a squeeze on the engobe (the engobe thus never finds itself under tension). The glaze has the lowest expansion, it is under a state of compression by the engobe (and slightly more by the body). This equilibrium enables the tile to wear for many years without crazing or shivering. Chart courtesy of Mohamed Abdelmagid.

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Glossary Quartz Inversion
In ceramics, this refers to the sudden volume change in crystalline quartz particles experience as they pass up and down a temperature window centering on 573C.
Glossary Glaze fit
In ceramics, glaze fit refers to the thermal expansion compatibility between glaze and clay body. When the fit is not good the glaze forms a crack pattern or flakes off on contours.
Glossary Glaze shivering
Shivering is a ceramic glaze defect that results in tiny flakes of glaze peeling off edges of ceramic ware. It happens because the thermal expansion of the body is too much higher than the glaze.
Glossary Engobe
Engobes are high-clay slurries that are applied to leather hard or dry ceramics. They fire opaque and are used for functional or decorative purposes. They are formulated to match the firing shrinkage and thermal expansion of the body.
Troubles Glaze Shivering
Ask the right questions to analyse the real cause of glaze shivering. Do not just treat the symptoms, the real cause is thermal expansion mismatch with the body.

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