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Laminations in pugged clay: Wedge it or lose the ware

These are cross-cuts from slugs of a production run of clay that was improperly pugged (inadequate vacuum). The problem is not often evident at time of extrusion but exhibits after weeks or months of storage. This clay body does not contain significant fine-grained material, but 2% talc was added to aid vitrification. The production crew claims that this talc makes it doubly important to monitor vacuum pressure at all times (or laminations will result). These are not actually a problem if you wedge the clay well. But if you do not (e.g. inserting them into a hand-extruder, pressing them in a mold) then they "build in" failure points that will initiate drying and firing cracks later. Even if pieces survive the drying and firing processes, weaknesses will persist making them more prone to failure-on-impact or stress. This being said, does that mean you do not need to wedge plastic clay bodies if they are not laminated? No. All clays laminate to some extent when pugged.

Laminations in pugged clay

Related Pictures

Frozen clay suffers laminations. And more.

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Ordinary laminations from improper pugging can simply be wedged out and the clay is still fine to use. But freezing is a different matter. No chemical changes happen when clay is frozen, the water connections between clay particles are simply disrupted and it becomes a soggy mess. So it might seem that warming it up and wedging it should restore the plasticity - after all, it was in the ground for millions of years and was frozen and thawed countless times)! But simple wedging does not work, the reason for that is not entirely clear (since the freezing only disrupts the clay on a physical level). Either repugging or drying it out and rewetting are the only practical ways of making it useable.

Links

Glossary Laminations
Laminations because of improper pugging of a clay body will cause separations and drying cracks in the ware.
Glossary Wedging
The process of mixing a plastic clay by hand before forming it. Similar to kneading of bread dough, it is considered an essential step by most potters.
Glossary Kneading clay
Glossary Pugmill
The practice of removing air from clay as it is pugged. Deaired clay has better forming properties and produces a smoother fired surface.

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