Alternate Names: Mno2, Pyrolusite, Manganese(IV) oxide
Oxide | Analysis | Formula | |
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MnO2 | 100.00% | 1.00 | |
Oxide Weight | 86.90 | ||
Formula Weight | 86.90 |
Above 1080C, half of the oxygen disassociates to produce MnO, a flux that immediately reacts with silica to produce violet colors in the absence of alumina, browns in its presence. Thus if it is being used in glazes fired below 1080C it should be considered as MnO2, if above it should be taken as 81.5 MnO and 18.5 LOI.
In glazes it will behave in a refractory manner, stiffening the melt. Because to the expulsion of oxygen at 1080, glazes using manganese should avoid this temperature range to reduce the chance of blistering and ruining of the glaze surface.
This material is available as a pure material or as a ground ore (pyrolusite). Thus while generically it is pure MnO2 the actual name-brand materials may only be 75% MnO2.
Manganese dioxide is the key to Rockingham brown wares which are made by employing about 3% iron oxide and 7% manganese in a transparent lead glaze of a recipe such as: Feldspar 28, Kaolin 14, Flint 4, Lead bisilicate 40, Whiting 4.
Manganese browns have a different, often more pleasant character than iron browns.
Manganese oxides can occur in a number of less common forms: (i.e. Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Mn2O7).
You add up to 5% manganese dioxide. The base recipe is G2571A. The clay body is a buff burning stoneware having iron speckle. The quality of the surface is excellent and it is durable.
An example of variegation on a tile surface that occurred when using raw manganese dioxide (likely due to gassing)
Metallic oxides with 50% Ferro frit 3134 in crucibles at cone 6ox. Chrome and rutile have not melted, copper and cobalt are extremely active melters. Cobalt and copper have crystallized during cooling, manganese has formed an iridescent glass.
This bag will give you a clue as to what manganese dioxide, MnO2, is mainly used for. Staining bricks.
Laguna Barnard Slip substitute fired at cone 03 with a Ferro Frit 3195 clear glaze. The very high bubble content is likely because they are adding manganese dioxide to match the MnO in the chemistry of Barnard (it gases alot during firing).
By Tony Hansen
Hazards | Manganese Toxicity by Elke Blodgett |
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Hazards | Manganese: Creativity and Illness by Dierdre O'Reilly |
Hazards | Manganese and Parkinsons by Jane Watkins |
Hazards | Manganese Inorganic Compounds Toxicology |
Hazards | Manganese in Clay Bodies |
URLs |
https://digitalfire.com/4sight/datasheets/SDSManganeseDioxide.pdf
SDS Prince Minerals Manganese Dioxide |
Temperatures | Manganese dioxide decomposes to MnO (535C-) |
Materials | Manganese Oxide |
Materials | Manganese Carbonate |
Materials | Manganese Granular |
Typecodes |
Generic Material
Generic materials are those with no brand name. Normally they are theoretical, the chemistry portrays what a specimen would be if it had no contamination. Generic materials are helpful in educational situations where students need to study material theory (later they graduate to dealing with real world materials). They are also helpful where the chemistry of an actual material is not known. Often the accuracy of calculations is sufficient using generic materials. |
Typecodes |
Colorant
Metallic based materials that impart fired color to glazes and bodies. |
Minerals | Manganite |
Minerals | Hübnerite |
Oxides | MnO - Manganous Oxide |
Oxides | MnO2 - Manganese Dioxide |
Density (Specific Gravity) | 4.9-5.0 |
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Body Color | When added to terra cotta bodies in amounts around 5% manganese dioxide will produce dark gray to black firing bodies. |
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Glaze Color | Large amounts of manganese can produce metallic effects in a glaze. However, these glazes must not be used on food surfaces. |