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Halloysite

From a purely physical properties point-of-view, halloysite is a clay mineral similar to kaolin in firing and raw appearance. In fact, it normally occurs with kaolin deposits because kaolin is the precursor mineral. Applied Minerals describes it this way: "Halloysite is chemically identical to kaolin clay (Al2Si2O5(OH)4 x nH2O) with one layer of water molecules existing between layers of alumina and silica. Formation occurs when kaolin sheets roll into tubes due to the strain caused by a lattice mismatch between the adjacent silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide layers. This is a process that occurs over millions of years under extremely rare conditions." Imerys says this: "Halloysite is an aluminosilicate clay mineral with the same chemical formula as kaolin Al2Si2O5(OH)4 2H2O but with water (H2O) intercalated in its clay structure."

Halloysites can often be employed in high quality porcelain recipes interchangeably (depending on purity and amount of iron). Some clays referred to as halloysite just contain a small percentage of the actual mineral (Helmer Kaolin is an example). It seems obvious that kaolin, having a flat particle shape, should theoretically be much more plastic. But in practice the plasticities of various halloysites are comparable with kaolins of the same iron content. While it is also intuitive that halloysites would have lower shrinkages, they actually shrink more, both in drying and firing.

Commercial halloysites of exceptional purity and fired whiteness are available. The unique particle shape of the material make it useful for a wide range of non-ceramic uses, in fact only a small percentage is used in ceramics.

Related Information

Compare powder color of super white kaolins


These three materials also fire to a similar color. Grolleg is the most plastic, Dragonite the least.

Halloysite particle shapes (left) vs. Kaolinite (right)


Halloysite forms over long periods as kaolin sheets roll into tubes.

Links

Typecodes Clay Minerals
The property of plasticity is evident in a wide array of materials of different mineralogy. In addition, many minerals are considered parent minerals to clays, they weather down to become these clays.
Materials New Zealand Halloysite
The whitest burning kaolin we have ever seen. It is very sticky when wet, suspends glazes well & makes super white porcelain (with help from a white bentonite).
Materials Plainsman Troy Clay
Materials Dragonite Halloysite
URLs http://www.minersoc.org/pages/gallery/claypix/halloysite/halloysite7g.html
One of many halloysite micrographs at minersoc.org
URLs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloysite
Halloysite at Wikipedia
URLs http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/Halloysite.pdf
Halloysite mineral data
URLs https://www.imerys.com/minerals/halloysite
Imerys Halloysite Information Page
URLs http://webmineral.com/data/Halloysite.shtml
Halloysite at WebMineral.com
Glossary Clay
What is clay? How is it different than dirt? For ceramics, the answer lies on the microscopic level with the particle shape, size and how the surfaces interact with water.
By Tony Hansen
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