Array
(
    [status] => 200
    [status_message] => Oxide item
    [data] => Array
        (
            [oxide_id] => 94
            [moddate] => 2017-04-09 22:57:14
            [symbol] => ZrO
            [name] => Zirconium Oxide, Zirconia
            [family] => Opacifier
            [unitygroup] => 
            [weight] => 107.200
            [notes] => Zirconia has an inversion with an associated 3% expansion/contraction.
            [data] => Array
                (
                    [3731] => Array
                        (
                            [label] => Co-efficient of Linear Expansion
                            [value] => 0.020
                            [abbr] => COLE
                            [test_id] => 10
                        )

                )

            [mechanisms] => Array
                (
                    [662] => Array
                        (
                            [title] => General
                            [label] => Glaze Color
                            [detail] => Zirconia is used in stains to stabilize colors.
                        )

                    [564] => Array
                        (
                            [title] => Dark/Light
                            [label] => Glaze Variegation
                            [detail] => ZrO can produce patterns of minute darker and lighter areas in an otherwise drab glaze surface. Significant amounts are needed (e.g. up to 15%).
                        )

                )

            [links] => Array
                (
                    [material] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => Array
                                (
                                    [link] => material/Zircon
                                    [label] => Zircon
                                    [keywords] => 
                                    [ord] => 0
                                )

                        )

                    [oxide] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => Array
                                (
                                    [link] => oxide/ZrO2
                                    [label] => ZrO2 - Zirconium Dioxide
                                    [ord] => 0
                                )

                        )

                )

            [pictures] => Array
                (
                    [1257] => Array
                        (
                            [z] => sonlonifed
                            [alttag] => 
                            [titletag] => 
                            [title] => Ceramic Oxide Periodic Table
                            [notes] => All common traditional ceramic base glazes are made from only a dozen elements (plus oxygen). Materials decompose when glazes melt, sourcing these elements in oxide form. The kiln builds the glaze from these, it does not care what material sources what oxide (assuming, of course, that all materials do melt or dissolve completely into the melt to release those oxides). Each of these oxides contributes specific properties to the glass. So, you can look at a formula and make a good prediction of the properties of the fired glaze. And know what specific oxide to increase or decrease to move a property in a given direction (e.g. melting behavior, hardness, durability, thermal expansion, color, gloss, crystallization). And know about how they interact (affecting each other). This is powerful. And it is simpler than looking at glazes as recipes of hundreds of different materials (each sources multiple oxides so adjusting it affects multiple properties).
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                            [path] => images/pictures/
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                            [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/
                            [picture_date] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00
                            [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/cunvykykux.svg
                            [S3Date] => 2018-04-13 02:39:04
                            [timelinephoto] => 1
                            [ord] => 0
                            [direction] => in
                            [url] => 
                        )

                )

        )

)

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<a title="3" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/al2o3">Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="7" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/b2o3">B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="8" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/bao">BaO</a> | <a title="11" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/c">C</a> | <a title="13" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cao">CaO</a> | <a title="12" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/co2">CO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="16" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/coo">CoO</a> | <a title="17" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cr2o3">Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="19" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cu2o">Cu<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="20" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cuo">CuO</a> | <a title="25" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/fe2o3">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="26" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/feo">FeO</a> | <a title="32" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/h2o">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="38" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/k2o">K<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="42" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/li2o">Li<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="40" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/loi">LOI</a> | <a title="44" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/mgo">MgO</a> | <a title="46" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/mno">MnO</a> | <a title="47" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/mno2">MnO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="50" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/na2o">Na<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="53" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/nio">NiO</a> | <a title="54" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/o">O</a> | <a title="97" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/organics">Organics</a> | <a title="56" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/p2o5">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="59" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pbo">PbO</a> | <a title="75" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sio2">SiO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="77" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sno2">SnO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="70" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/so3">SO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="96" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/so4">SO<sub>4</sub></a> | <a title="78" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sro">SrO</a> | <a title="83" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/tio2">TiO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="89" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/v2o5">V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="93" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/zno">ZnO</a> | <a title="94" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/zro">ZrO</a> | <a title="95" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/zro2">ZrO<sub>2</sub></a>
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<a title="102" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ag2o">Ag<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="104" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/alf3">AlF<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="4" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/as2o3">As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="5" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/as4o6">As<sub>4</sub>O6</a> | <a title="6" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/au2o3">Au<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="108" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/baf2">BaF<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="9" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/beo">BeO</a> | <a title="10" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/bi2o3">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="109" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/caf2">CaF<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="14" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cdo">CdO</a> | <a title="15" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ceo2">CeO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="99" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cl">Cl</a> | <a title="110" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/co">CO</a> | <a title="113" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cro3">CrO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="18" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cs2o">Cs<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="101" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/cuco3">CuCO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="21" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/dy2o3">Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="22" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/er2o3">Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="23" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/eu2o3">Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="24" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/f">F</a> | <a title="27" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/fr2o">Fr<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="28" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/free sio2">Free SiO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="29" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ga2o3">Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="30" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/gdo3">GdO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="31" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/geo2">GeO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="33" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/hfo2">HfO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="34" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/hgo">HgO</a> | <a title="35" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ho2o3">Ho<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="36" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/in2o3">In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="37" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/iro2">IrO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="107" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/kf">KF</a> | <a title="39" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/knao">KNaO</a> | <a title="41" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/la2o3">La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="43" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/lu2o3">Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="45" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/mn2o3">Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="48" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/moo3">MoO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="49" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/n2o5">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="105" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/naf">NaF</a> | <a title="51" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/nb2o5">Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="52" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/nd2o3">Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="98" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ni2o3">Ni<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="55" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/oso2">OsO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="58" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pa2o5">Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="106" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pbf2">PbF<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="60" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pdo">PdO</a> | <a title="61" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pmo3">PmO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="57" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/po4">PO<sub>4</sub></a> | <a title="62" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pr2o3">Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="63" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pro2">PrO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="64" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/pto2">PtO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="65" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/rao">RaO</a> | <a title="66" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/rb2o">Rb<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="67" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/re2o7">Re<sub>2</sub>O7</a> | <a title="68" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/rho3">RhO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="69" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ruo2">RuO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="71" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sb2o3">Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="72" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sb2o5">Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="73" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sc2o3">Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="74" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/se">Se</a> | <a title="111" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/seo2">SeO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="76" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/sm2o3">Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="79" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/ta2o5">Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> | <a title="80" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/tb2o3">Tb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="81" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/tc2o7">Tc<sub>2</sub>O7</a> | <a title="82" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/tho2">ThO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="84" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/tl2o">Tl<sub>2</sub>O</a> | <a title="85" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/tm2o3">Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="86" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/trace">Trace</a> | <a title="87" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/u3o8">U<sub>3</sub>O8</a> | <a title="88" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/uo2">UO<sub>2</sub></a> | <a title="90" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/wo3">WO<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="91" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/y2o3">Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> | <a title="92" href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/yb2o3">Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a>
   </div>
  </div>
 </div>
</div><p style="clear:left"></p><h1>ZrO (Zirconium Oxide, Zirconia)</h1>
<h3>Data</h3><table>
<table class="table table-bordered"><tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/18">Co-efficient of Linear Expansion</a></th>
<td>0.020</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4>Notes</h4><p><a  href="https://digitalfire.com/material/1720">Zirconia</a> has an inversion with an associated 3% expansion/contraction.</p>
<p style="clear:left"></p>

<h3 style="margin-top:30px;">Ceramic Oxide Periodic Table</h3>
<a href="https://digitalfire.com/picture/sonlonifed"><img class="flexleft50" src="https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/cunvykykux.svg" /></a>
<p>All common traditional ceramic <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/base+glaze">base glazes</a> are made from only a dozen elements (plus oxygen). Materials <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/decomposition">decompose</a> when glazes melt, sourcing these elements in oxide form. The kiln builds the glaze from these, it does not care what material sources what oxide (assuming, of course, that all materials do melt or dissolve completely into <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/melt+fluidity">the melt</a> to release those <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/ceramic+oxide">oxides</a>). Each of these oxides contributes specific properties to the glass. So, you can look at a formula and make a good prediction of the properties of the fired glaze. And know what specific oxide to increase or decrease to move a property in a given direction (e.g. melting behavior, hardness, <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/glaze+durability">durability</a>, <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/co-efficient+of+thermal+expansion">thermal expansion</a>, color, gloss, <a  href="https://digitalfire.com/glossary/crystallization">crystallization</a>). And know about how they interact (affecting each other). This is powerful. And it is simpler than looking at glazes as recipes of hundreds of different materials (each sources multiple oxides so adjusting it affects multiple properties).</p>
<p style="clear:left"></p>
<h3>Links</h3><table>
<table class="table table-bordered"><tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Materials</th>
<td>
<a href="https://digitalfire.com/material/zircon">Zircon</a>
<br /><i></i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Oxides</th>
<td>
<a href="https://digitalfire.com/oxide/zro2">ZrO2 - Zirconium Dioxide</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>Mechanisms</h3><table>
<table class="table table-bordered"><tbody>
<tr><th scope="row">Glaze Color</th><td>Zirconia is used in stains to stabilize colors.</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Glaze Variegation</th><td>ZrO can produce patterns of minute darker and lighter areas in an otherwise drab glaze surface. Significant amounts are needed (e.g. up to 15%).</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table style="margin-top:30px; padding-top:10px; padding-bottom:20px; border-top:thin solid grey; border-bottom:thin solid grey;"><tr><td style="padding-right:10px">By <i>Tony Hansen</i><br /><span style="font-size:80%; color:#888888;">Follow me on<br /><a href="https://www.threads.net/@tonyatdigitalfire" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/threads.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/insightlive" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/facebook.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tonywhansen/" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/linkedin.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a> <a href="https://www.pinterest.ca/tonywhansen" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/pinterest.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a> <a href="https://instagram.com/tonyatdigitalfire" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/instagram.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a> <a href="https://mastodon.art/@digitalfire" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/mastodon.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a> <a href="https://business.google.com/dashboard/l/01560183430720260477" target="_blank"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/google.jpg" style="width:20px;" border="0"></a></td><td><a href="https://tonyhansen.com/about"><img src="https://digitalfire.com/images/SignaturePhotoSmall.jpg" height="80"></a></td></tr></table><h3 style="margin-top:30px;">Got a Question?</h3><p style="margin-bottom:30px;"><a name="kofi">Buy me a coffee and we can talk</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://ko-fi.com/tonyhansen"><img style="width:40px" src="https://digitalfire.com/images/ko-fi.svg"></a></p>
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