Array ( [status] => 200 [status_message] => Material item [data] => Array ( [material_id] => 434 [moddate] => 2008-08-04 14:26:27 [name] => Ferro Frit 3602 [keywords] => Lead alumina bilsilicate frit [metadescrip] => [chem_formula] => [casnumber] => 65997-18-4 [searchkey] => F3602 [unity] => 1 [ratio] => [ord] => [minedat] => [analysis] => Array ( [PbO] => 65.27 [Al2O3] => 2.50 [SiO2] => 32.23 ) [weight] => 341.96414891987 [formulaweight] => 341.96414891987 [LOI] => 0 [formula] => Array ( [PbO] => 1.00 [Al2O3] => 0.08 [SiO2] => 1.83 ) [data] => Array ( [1317] => Array ( [label] => Frit Softening Point [value] => 820C M [abbr] => GSPT [test_id] => 14 ) [1316] => Array ( [label] => Density (Specific Gravity) [value] => 4.50 [abbr] => DENS [test_id] => 1 ) ) [links] => Array ( [material] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [link] => material/Ferro+Frit+3498 [label] => Ferro Frit 3498 [keywords] => [ord] => 0 ) [1] => Array ( [link] => material/Ferro+Frit+3403 [label] => Ferro Frit 3403 [keywords] => [ord] => 0 ) [2] => Array ( [link] => material/Frit [label] => Frit [keywords] => Frits are made by melting mixes of raw materials, quenching the melt in water, grinding the pebbles into a powder. Frits have chemistries raw materials cannot. [ord] => 0 ) [3] => Array ( [link] => material/Lead+Bisilicate+Frit [label] => Lead Bisilicate Frit [keywords] => A standard frit of 1 molar part of PbO and 2 of SiO2. It is considered stable and non-leachable. [ord] => 0 ) [4] => Array ( [link] => material/Ferro+Frit+4064 [label] => Ferro Frit 4064 [keywords] => [ord] => 0 ) ) [supplier] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [link] => supplier/Ferro+Corporation [label] => Ferro Corporation [ord] => 0 ) ) [typecode] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [link] => typecode/FRL [descrip] => Frits can contain 1% or 80% PbO so this category can be misleading, check the chemistry to find out. [label] => Leaded Frit [ord] => 0 ) [1] => Array ( [link] => typecode/FRT [descrip] => A frit is the powdered form a man-made glass. Frits are premelted, then ground to a glass. They have tightly controlled chemistries, they are available for glazes of all types. [label] => Frit [ord] => 0 ) ) ) [pictures] => Array ( [2544] => Array ( [z] => Esdj9FDnLv [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => High and low surface tension Frits [notes] => Fired at 1850F. Frit F-524 has run off the tester since 1850F. Frit 3602 is lead bisilicate. [filename] => vrmnerw35r.jpeg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2020-06-19 11:43:00 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/vrmnerw35r.jpeg [S3Date] => 2020-06-23 13:37:03 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => out [url] => ) [2545] => Array ( [z] => aztTacK9YP [alttag] => A 9 gram ball of frit melts and flows downward more and more as temperature increases. [titletag] => [title] => Ferro Frit 3602 melt flow over many temperatures [notes] => This demonstrates the amazing melt behaviour of lead-as-a-flux for ceramic glazes. Not only does it melt early, but it softens slowly over a 300F range of temperatures before it goes off the end of the runway on this GLFL test. Then, when fired 200F hotter than that, it remains a stable, clear and uncrazed glass. Beginning around 1750F, this becomes a transparent glaze, by itself. [filename] => f7ycbsfkrh.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2020-06-22 10:19:32 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/f7ycbsfkrh.jpg [S3Date] => 2020-06-23 13:33:16 [timelinephoto] => 1 [ord] => 0 [direction] => out [url] => ) [2556] => Array ( [z] => EqqtMfzc9n [alttag] => Melted balls of 15 frits on a ceramic tile [titletag] => [title] => 1700F Frit Melt-Off: Who is the winner? Not the lead bisilicate! [notes] => These were 10g balls melted using our GBMF test. Frit 3602 is lead bisilicate. But it got "smoked" by the Fusion FZ-16 high-zinc, high-boron zero-alumina! Maybe you always thought lead was the best melter. That it produced the most transparent, crystal-clear glass. But that is not what we see here. That being said, notice the lead is not crazing but the FZ-16 is crazing badly, that is a problem for many applications. Notice something else: Each frit has a distinctive melt fingerprint that makes it recognizable in tests like this. [filename] => dd4bhzw2px.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2020-07-02 09:16:29 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/dd4bhzw2px.jpg [S3Date] => 2020-07-02 09:17:02 [timelinephoto] => 1 [ord] => 0 [direction] => out [url] => ) [2488] => Array ( [z] => GDCr6Z471a [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison - 1750F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1750F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3110 has taken off. And F75, 3195 and 3134 (the latter two having big differences in surface tension). [filename] => ra7ynffnx9.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2020-01-02 13:11:27 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/ra7ynffnx9.jpg [S3Date] => 2020-01-02 13:16:03 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2489] => Array ( [z] => b6Kw3nePJ9 [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Frit Melt Fluidity Comparison - 1800F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1800F and held for 15 minutes (I already did firings from 1300F-1750F in 50 degree increments, all of them are visible in the parent project). Frit 3110, 3134, 3195, F75 have run all the way down. All of the frits have softened and melted slowly over a range of temperatures (hundreds of degrees). By contrast, Gerstley Borate, the only raw material here, suddenly melted and flowed right over the cliff (between 1600 and1650)! But not before Frit 3602 and FZ16 had done so earlier. Frit 3249 is just starting to soften but F69 (the Fusion Frits equivalent) is a little ahead of it. LA300 and Frit 3124 are starting also. F524, F38, F15 will all be over the end by the next firing. The melt surface tension is evident by the way in which the melts spread out or hold together. [filename] => wz2aata3s5.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2020-01-03 12:46:24 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/wz2aata3s5.jpg [S3Date] => 2020-01-03 12:56:02 [timelinephoto] => 1 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2478] => Array ( [z] => 4LW2qSfiQC [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Frit melt fluidity comparison - 1300F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1300F and held for 15 minutes. Some are still burning off carbon (which seems strange). There are two early leaders: Ferro frit 3110 and Fusion frit F75 are starting to deform (they have almost the same chemistry). Amazingly, these two frits have low boron, they rely on high soda as the flux. [filename] => hwo24lrgqf.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-20 14:47:08 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/hwo24lrgqf.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-20 14:49:02 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2480] => Array ( [z] => r8wMbJ83Sm [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1350F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1350F and held for 15 minutes. Some are still burning off carbon (which seems strange). The two FZ16s are starting to move. Frit 3134 is expanding. 3602 is also starting to melt. [filename] => ecp9ugo82w.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-23 16:18:00 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/ecp9ugo82w.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-23 16:18:02 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2481] => Array ( [z] => 3pycXbtZeR [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1400F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1400F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 is also starting to flow. A number of them are shrinking and densifying like a porcelain would. [filename] => iwdpummirq.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-24 11:47:36 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/iwdpummirq.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-24 11:51:02 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2482] => Array ( [z] => hqbGSyS7h9 [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1450F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1450F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 is blasting out of the gate, taking the lead. F75 is starting to flow. [filename] => nivs38wgft.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-25 16:20:46 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/nivs38wgft.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-25 16:21:02 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2483] => Array ( [z] => wnGbXEvvhh [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1500F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1500F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 and FZ16 are really starting to move. 3195, F38 and F15 are softening. [filename] => jabyryzfkg.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-26 15:31:11 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/jabyryzfkg.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-26 15:32:02 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2484] => Array ( [z] => tZwxBKvSAS [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1550F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1550F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 and FZ16 are going to be off-ramp by next firing. [filename] => ugctqymmbj.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-27 10:59:34 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/ugctqymmbj.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-27 11:02:03 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2486] => Array ( [z] => KEJejkpZqR [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1650F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1650F and held for 15 minutes. FZ16 has turned crystal clear and spread out across the runway (has low surface tension). Frit 3110 has so much surface tension that the flow can be lifted off the tester. Since 1600F Gerstley Borate has gone from unmelted to passing all the rest! [filename] => lbajideoqz.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2019-12-31 09:26:53 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/lbajideoqz.jpg [S3Date] => 2019-12-31 09:27:02 [timelinephoto] => 1 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2487] => Array ( [z] => 9JP2ge9RPC [alttag] => [titletag] => [title] => Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1700F [notes] => Fired at 350F/hr to 1700F and held for 15 minutes. 3110 is finally starting to move. 3134 also (being full of bubbles). Gerstley Borate has turned almost transparent (because the Colemanite portion of it is now melting). 3195 is looking very well behaved compared to most others, forming a bubble free glass of high surface tension (F15 and F524 are starting to do the same). [filename] => h41dykeanq.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2020-01-01 23:05:05 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/h41dykeanq.jpg [S3Date] => 2020-01-01 23:10:03 [timelinephoto] => 0 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) [2815] => Array ( [z] => rWr1FMjN88 [alttag] => Frits melting side-by-side at 1850F [titletag] => [title] => Frit Melt Fluidity Comparison - 1850F [notes] => These melt flow tests were fired at 350F/hr to 1850F and held for 15 minutes (I did firings at 50-degree increments across a wide range). It is amazing how active some frits are, even well below normal bisque temperatures! Frit 3110, Frit 3134, Frit 3195, Frit F-75 have all flowed all the way down for many previous temperatures. LA300 and Frit 3124 were just starting at 1800F, look at them now! Frit F-524 and Frit F-38 have gone from half-way at 1800F to water-falling over the end. Frit 3249 is still not out-of-the-gate but Frit F-69 (the Fusion Frits equivalent of 3249) is half-way. Note how the melt surface tension is evident by the way in which the melts spread out or hold together. By contrast, Gerstley Borate (labelled "GB"), the only raw material here, suddenly melted and flowed right over-the-cliff between 1600 and 1650! The best melter of all of them is high-boron high-zinc Frit FZ-16. [filename] => 6rtqznzhvo.jpg [path] => images/pictures/ [fullpath] => /var/www/digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [fullurl] => https://digitalfire.com/4sight/images/pictures/ [picture_date] => 2021-10-07 21:36:19 [S3URL] => https://reference.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/images/pictures/6rtqznzhvo.jpg [S3Date] => 2021-10-07 21:40:03 [timelinephoto] => 1 [ord] => 0 [direction] => in [url] => ) ) ) ) Ferro Frit 3602
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Ferro Frit 3602

Alternate Names: F3602

Description: Lead alumina bilsilicate frit

Oxide Analysis Formula
PbO 65.27% 1.00
Al2O3 2.50% 0.08
SiO2 32.23% 1.83
Oxide Weight 341.96
Formula Weight 341.96

Related Information

High and low surface tension Frits

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 1850F. Frit F-524 has run off the tester since 1850F. Frit 3602 is lead bisilicate.

Ferro Frit 3602 melt flow over many temperatures

Tap picture for full size and resolution
A 9 gram ball of frit melts and flows downward more and more as temperature increases.

This demonstrates the amazing melt behaviour of lead-as-a-flux for ceramic glazes. Not only does it melt early, but it softens slowly over a 300F range of temperatures before it goes off the end of the runway on this GLFL test. Then, when fired 200F hotter than that, it remains a stable, clear and uncrazed glass. Beginning around 1750F, this becomes a transparent glaze, by itself.

1700F Frit Melt-Off: Who is the winner? Not the lead bisilicate!

Tap picture for full size and resolution
Melted balls of 15 frits on a ceramic tile

These were 10g balls melted using our GBMF test. Frit 3602 is lead bisilicate. But it got "smoked" by the Fusion FZ-16 high-zinc, high-boron zero-alumina! Maybe you always thought lead was the best melter. That it produced the most transparent, crystal-clear glass. But that is not what we see here. That being said, notice the lead is not crazing but the FZ-16 is crazing badly, that is a problem for many applications. Notice something else: Each frit has a distinctive melt fingerprint that makes it recognizable in tests like this.

Melt fluidity comparison - 1750F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1750F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3110 has taken off. And F75, 3195 and 3134 (the latter two having big differences in surface tension).

Frit Melt Fluidity Comparison - 1800F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1800F and held for 15 minutes (I already did firings from 1300F-1750F in 50 degree increments, all of them are visible in the parent project). Frit 3110, 3134, 3195, F75 have run all the way down. All of the frits have softened and melted slowly over a range of temperatures (hundreds of degrees). By contrast, Gerstley Borate, the only raw material here, suddenly melted and flowed right over the cliff (between 1600 and1650)! But not before Frit 3602 and FZ16 had done so earlier. Frit 3249 is just starting to soften but F69 (the Fusion Frits equivalent) is a little ahead of it. LA300 and Frit 3124 are starting also. F524, F38, F15 will all be over the end by the next firing. The melt surface tension is evident by the way in which the melts spread out or hold together.

Frit melt fluidity comparison - 1300F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1300F and held for 15 minutes. Some are still burning off carbon (which seems strange). There are two early leaders: Ferro frit 3110 and Fusion frit F75 are starting to deform (they have almost the same chemistry). Amazingly, these two frits have low boron, they rely on high soda as the flux.

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1350F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1350F and held for 15 minutes. Some are still burning off carbon (which seems strange). The two FZ16s are starting to move. Frit 3134 is expanding. 3602 is also starting to melt.

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1400F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1400F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 is also starting to flow. A number of them are shrinking and densifying like a porcelain would.

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1450F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1450F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 is blasting out of the gate, taking the lead. F75 is starting to flow.

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1500F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1500F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 and FZ16 are really starting to move. 3195, F38 and F15 are softening.

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1550F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1550F and held for 15 minutes. Frit 3134 is still expanding. 3602 and FZ16 are going to be off-ramp by next firing.

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1650F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1650F and held for 15 minutes. FZ16 has turned crystal clear and spread out across the runway (has low surface tension). Frit 3110 has so much surface tension that the flow can be lifted off the tester. Since 1600F Gerstley Borate has gone from unmelted to passing all the rest!

Melt fluidity comparison of frits - 1700F

Tap picture for full size and resolution

Fired at 350F/hr to 1700F and held for 15 minutes. 3110 is finally starting to move. 3134 also (being full of bubbles). Gerstley Borate has turned almost transparent (because the Colemanite portion of it is now melting). 3195 is looking very well behaved compared to most others, forming a bubble free glass of high surface tension (F15 and F524 are starting to do the same).

Frit Melt Fluidity Comparison - 1850F

Tap picture for full size and resolution
Frits melting side-by-side at 1850F

These melt flow tests were fired at 350F/hr to 1850F and held for 15 minutes (I did firings at 50-degree increments across a wide range). It is amazing how active some frits are, even well below normal bisque temperatures! Frit 3110, Frit 3134, Frit 3195, Frit F-75 have all flowed all the way down for many previous temperatures. LA300 and Frit 3124 were just starting at 1800F, look at them now! Frit F-524 and Frit F-38 have gone from half-way at 1800F to water-falling over the end. Frit 3249 is still not out-of-the-gate but Frit F-69 (the Fusion Frits equivalent of 3249) is half-way. Note how the melt surface tension is evident by the way in which the melts spread out or hold together. By contrast, Gerstley Borate (labelled "GB"), the only raw material here, suddenly melted and flowed right over-the-cliff between 1600 and 1650! The best melter of all of them is high-boron high-zinc Frit FZ-16.

Links

Materials Ferro Frit 3498
Materials Ferro Frit 3403
Materials Frit
Frits are made by melting mixes of raw materials, quenching the melt in water, grinding the pebbles into a powder. Frits have chemistries raw materials cannot.
Materials Lead Bisilicate Frit
A standard frit of 1 molar part of PbO and 2 of SiO2. It is considered stable and non-leachable.
Materials Ferro Frit 4064
Typecodes Leaded Frit
Frits can contain 1% or 80% PbO so this category can be misleading, check the chemistry to find out.
Typecodes Frit
A frit is the powdered form a man-made glass. Frits are premelted, then ground to a glass. They have tightly controlled chemistries, they are available for glazes of all types.

Data

Frit Softening Point 820C M
Density (Specific Gravity) 4.50
By Tony Hansen
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