nitrogen
14.007
N
7
fluorine
F
18.998
9
oxygen
O
15.999
8
carbon
C
12.011
6
boron
B
10.811
5
sulfur
S
32.065
16
phosphorus
P
30.974
15
silicon
Si
28.086
14
aluminium
Al
26.982
13
selenium
Se
78.96
34
arsenic
As
74.922
33
germanium
Ge
72.64
32
gallium
Ga
69.723
31
zinc
Zn
65.38
30
copper
Cu
63.546
29
nickel
Ni
58.693
28
cobalt
Co
58.933
27
iron
Fe
55.845
26
manganese
Mn
54.938
25
chromium
Cr
51.996
24
vanadium
V
V
50.942
23
titanium
Ti
47.867
22
scandium
Sc
44.956
21
calcium
Ca
40.078
20
potassium
K
39.098
19
magnesium
Mg
24.305
12
sodium
Na
22.990
11
beryllium
Be
9.0122
4
lithium
Li
6.941
3
hydrogen
H
1.0079
1
tellurium
Te
127.60
52
antimony
Sb
121.76
51
tin
Sn
118.71
50
indium
In
114.82
49
cadmium
Cd
112.41
48
silver
Ag
107.87
47
palladium
Pd
106.42
46
rhodium
Rh
102.91
45
ruthenium
Ru
101.07
44
technetium
Tc
[98]
43
molybdenum
Mo
95.96
42
niobium
Nb
92.906
41
zirconium
Zr
91.224
40
yttrium
Y
88.906
39
strontium
Sr
87.62
38
rubidium
Rb
85.468
37
polonium
Po
[209]
84
bismuth
Bi
208.98
83
lead
Pb
207.2
82
barium
Ba
137.33
56
caesium
Cs
132.91
55
thallium
Tl
204.38
81
mercury
Hg
200.59
80
gold
Au
196.97
79
platinum
Pt
195.08
78
iridium
Ir
192.22
77
osmium
Os
190.23
76
rhenium
Re
186.21
75
tungsten
W
183.84
74
tantalum
Ta
180.95
73
hafnium
Hf
178.49
72
Partial Periodic Table
Elements that form the most common oxides
delivered to glazes by ceramic materials
Note: Classification is according to principle characteristic,
many oxides also act in other ways (e.g. colorants as fluxes, opacifiers as color modifiers).
Colorants
Super Fluxes
Opacifiers
Fluxes
Alkalis
Power fluxes
Alkaline Earths
Fluxes
Glass
Formers
All common
glazes are 60%
SiO
2
or more
B
2
O
3
is a glass
former and a
power flux
ZnO is a
power
flux
Al
2
O
3
is an
intermediate
(second most
common in glazes)