Cobalt Oxide
Formula: CoO
| DENS - Density (Specific Gravity) |
6.07 |
| MLPT - Melting Point (MP) |
1935C |
CoO is a metallic coloring oxide that produces blue in glazes at all temperatures (unless in very high percentages where it will be black). Black Cobalt Oxide is the principle source of CoO used in glazes, glass, and enamels. Cobalt is the most powerful ceramic colorant and it is stable in most systems. Like copper, it melts very, very actively in oxidation and if it is mixed into a fluid frit base in high enough a percentage, it will completely crystallize during cooling.
Cobalt is also useful as a body and slip stain (see the oxide CoO oxide for more information). However, it is very very expensive, this severely limits its practical use in many things.
Suppliers often stock a mixed oxide material of an analysis somewhere between CoO and Co2O3.
However since Cobalt is used at 2-3% maximum in most glazes the 10% error in cobalt content will not make much difference.
Cobalt(II) oxide is a product of Co2O3 cobalt oxide decomposing at 900 °C. It occurs in ores with nickel, arsenic, sulfur, and manganese in deposits in Canada, Morocco, and southern Africa. During the roasting process toxic by-products of arsenic and sulfur are produced. The associated ores may contaminate the Co3O4 to some extent (i.e. with Na2CO3). CoO can also be made by heating the carbonate. Some people have tried roasting the ore themselves in a kiln, however as noted this can be hazardous, not to mention that if fired too high the ore can melt and eat through the container walls.
This material can be found in technical and ceramic grades. Cobalt will often produce glaze specking if it is not thoroughly sieved or ball milled to distribute the particles. Also, there is some inconsistency in commercial products, different batches or materials from different suppliers will vary in the amount of specking. Cobalt carbonate tends to disperse better in glazes to give even blue coloration because it is not as powerful and produces some glaze blistering problems. A high cobalt stain is also an alternative.
Out Bound Links
In Bound Links
- (Oxides - Closest material equivalent)
CoO - Cobalt Oxide
Pictures
Metallic oxides with 50% Ferro frit 3134 in crucibles at cone 6ox. Chrome and rutile have not melted, copper and cobalt are extremely active melters. Cobalt and copper have crystallized during cooling, manganese has formed an iridescent glass.
XML for Import into INSIGHT
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<material name="Cobalt Oxide" descrip="" searchkey="Cobalt(II) oxide, Cobaltosic Oxide, CoO, cobaltous oxide" loi="0.00" casnumber="186373-01-3">
<oxides>
<oxide symbol="CoO" name="Cobalt Oxide" status="" percent="100.000" tolerance=""/>
</oxides>
</material> | 
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