Porcelain
A comparatively white burning clay body (unless stained e.g. blue) that, when fired, becomes very vitreous (close to melting) and usually translucent with a smooth pleasant surface. Porcelain clays lack the iron impurities of stonewares and are made from materials of fine particle sizes. They are usually fired above 1180C. Porcelains tend to warp during firing because they must be being taken closer to the melting point to achieve the desired properties.
Porcelain bodies in a wide range of plasticities are available. Plastic porcelain clays tend to be much shorter (less plastic) than their stoneware or earthenware counterparts. Porcelains used by potters are much more plastic than those used in industry. Porcelain casting slips achieve the whitest and most translucent results because they do not need to be as plastic (the plastic materials contribute the most iron which darkens the color). Typical porcelains are a mix of kaolin (for plasticity), ball clay and bentonite (for extra plasticity but some contamination), feldspar (the melter) and silica (the low expansion filler). Out Bound Links
In Bound Links
- (Glossary)
Stoneware
A high fired (about 1150C+) ceramic clay that is s... - (Materials)
Kaolin - Al2O3.2SiO2 or Al2Si2O5(OH)4 - Hydrated alumina silicate, Pure clay mineral
China Clay
- (Glossary)
Vitrification
'Vitrification' is a process. As clay is fired hot... - (Glossary)
Earthenware
A clay fired at low temperatures (cone 010-02) whe...
Pictures
Brown and buff stoneware clays compared to a porcelain at 1300C in reduction. Courtesy of Plainsman Clays.
This is what about 8% iron can do in a transparent base glaze with slow cooling at cone 10R on a refined porcelain.
Plainsman P580 (35:17:1.5 ball clay:kaolin:bentonite), H570 (10:46:2.5), P700 (50:5 Grolleg:bentonite) and Crysanthos Porcelain (China) fired in oxidation at cone 10.
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