Glass vs. Crystalline
In ceramic technology the term 'glass' is contrasted with the crystalline state, it is seen as a "super-cooled liquid". When crystalline materials solidify molecules have opportunity to orient themselves in the preferred pattern during freezing whereas in a glass the random orientation of molecules is frozen into the solid.
"Ceramics for the Potter "University of Toronto Press" 1952 called it "silica and two or more bases, which are combined under heat to form a molten solution. On cooling, the solution becomes so viscous that the molecules cannot move about freely enough to form crystals before the state of rigidity is reached. If glass were allowed to cool slowly, it would be as crystallized and as opaque as granite - it is the fast cooling, with the viscosity, that makes glass transparent. Glass is, in short, a solid solution."
In 1945 the American Society for Testing Materials suggested the following definition if glass: "Glass is an inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing."
In 1962 the British Standards Institution adopted the same phraseology.
Later more complex methods of producing this state led to revisions such as:
"Glass is a non-crystalline solid" and....."glass is and x-ray amorphous material which exhibits the glass transition.."
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