Clay
Clays occur when parent clay-making rocks (there are many e.g. feldspars) break down physically and hydrate to form new mineral particles with new properties. This hydration involves insertion of complete water molecules into the crystal structure (normally with most minerals oxides are converted to hydroxides on hydration).
Clays have plasticity. This property is a product of the fact that individual clay particles have surface chemistry that give them an affinity for water and electrolytic charges that give them an affinity for each other. The water thus becomes a lubricant and glue that gives billions of particles the opportunity to express the property of plasticity. From a mineral point of view, clays are hydrous-layer silicates of aluminum (kaolin is pure clay mineral, its chemistry is Al2O3.2SiO2). They are created by the weathering and altering of parent minerals (in this context referred to as 'clay-making minerals'). Clays have a wide range of particle sizes and shapes and mineralogies and these are related to the identity of parent rocks, mode of conversion and whether they are primary (on site of alteration) or secondary (moved by water or wind). These factors produce different plasticities and drying shrinkages. The different chemistries of clays and amounts of contaminents produce different firing behaviors (e.g. temperature of vitrification, color, strength, efflorescence). Out Bound Links
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