Analysis
An analysis (or percentage analysis) is typically used to compare the oxide content of materials. An analysis is expressed in percent and each number represents the amount by weight of the oxide. An analysis will often show LOI as one of the items, this represents the volatile portion of the material that is lost during firing. An analysis can be converted to a formula by dividing each oxide amount by the molecular weight of that oxide.
An "analysis" compares oxides by the weights of their molecules, not the numbers of molecules. It is important to note that an analysis comparison between two glazes can look quite different from a Mole% comparison since oxide molecule weights differ greatly.
The analysis format is best suited to showing how much of each individual oxide is in a mix. For example, feldspars are used as a source of flux, although they also provide SiO2 and Al2O3 , so a buyer wants to know how much flux each brand has. A percentage analysis figure shows this, whereas a formula figure does not. An individual item can be extracted from an analysis (e.g. 10% K2O) and it is meaningful. However, an individual item in a unity formula is only significant in the context of other amounts in that formula.
While an analysis can be expressed in only one way, it does provide flexibility in allowing the inclusion of organics, water, and additives which are burned away during firing. For example, if a material loses 10% by weight on firing, we can just say LOI (Loss on Ignition) is 10%. However, it would be difficult to express this 10% loss in a formula. Remember the formula is ideal to express the mix of oxides in a fired ceramic and thus there is no LOI. It is no surprise then that the analysis has become a standard used to express the make-up of raw glaze and clay materials on manufacturers data sheets.
Here is how we would convert the unity formula above into an analysis:
Oxides Formula Weights Percent
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K2O 0.27 x 94.2 = 25.43 / 353.78 = 7.19%
CaO 0.59 x 56.1 = 33.10 / 353.78 = 9.36%
MgO 0.09 x 40.3 = 3.63 / 353.78 = 1.03%
ZnO 0.05 x 81.4 = 4.07 / 353.78 = 1.15%
Al2O3 0.41 x 101.8 = 41.74 / 353.78 = 11.80%
SiO2 4.09 x 60.1 = 245.81 / 353.78 = 69.48%
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Formula Weight 353.78 Out Bound Links
In Bound Links
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